To use a keyboard shortcut, press and hold one or more modifier keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command key, then the C key, then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards often use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:
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On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Option, and the Windows logo key instead of Command.
Some keys on some Apple keyboards have special symbols and functions, such as for display brightness , keyboard brightness , Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't available on your keyboard, you might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To use these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard function keys, combine them with the Fn key.Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts
*Command-X: Cut the selected item and copy it to the Clipboard.
*Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This also works for files in the Finder.
*Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.
*Command-Z: Undo the previous command. You can then press Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.
*Command-A: Select All items.
*Command-F: Find items in a document or open a Find window.
*Command-G: Find Again: Find the next occurrence of the item previously found. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-G.
*Command-H: Hide the windows of the front app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Option-Command-H.
*Command-M: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-Command-M.
*Command-O: Open the selected item, or open a dialog to select a file to open.
*Command-P: Print the current document.
*Command-S: Save the current document.
*Command-T: Open a new tab.
*Command-W: Close the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Option-Command-W.
*Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
*Command–Space bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. (If you use multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts change input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
*Control–Command–Space bar: Show the Character Viewer, from which you can choose emoji and other symbols.
*Control-Command-F: Use the app in full screen, if supported by the app.
*Space bar: Use Quick Look to preview the selected item.
*Command-Tab: Switch to the next most recently used app among your open apps.
*Shift-Command-5: In macOS Mojave or later, take a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-Command-3 or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more about screenshots.
*Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder in the Finder.
*Command-Comma (,): Open preferences for the front app.Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts
You might need to press and hold some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.
*Power button: Press to turn on your Mac or wake it from sleep. Press and hold for 1.5 seconds to put your Mac to sleep.* Continue holding to force your Mac to turn off.
*Option–Command–Power button* or Option–Command–Media Eject : Put your Mac to sleep.
*Control–Shift–Power button* or Control–Shift–Media Eject : Put your displays to sleep.
*Control–Power button* or Control–Media Eject : Display a dialog asking whether you want to restart, sleep, or shut down.
*Control–Command–Power button:* Force your Mac to restart, without prompting to save any open and unsaved documents.
*Control–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then restart your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
*Control–Option–Command–Power button* or Control–Option–Command–Media Eject : Quit all apps, then shut down your Mac. If any open documents have unsaved changes, you will be asked whether you want to save them.
*Control-Command-Q: Immediately lock your screen.
*Shift-Command-Q: Log out of your macOS user account. You will be asked to confirm. To log out immediately without confirming, press Option-Shift-Command-Q.
* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.Finder and system shortcuts
*Command-D: Duplicate the selected files.
*Command-E: Eject the selected disk or volume.
*Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
*Command-I: Show the Get Info window for a selected file.
*Command-R: (1) When an alias is selected in the Finder: show the original file for the selected alias. (2) In some apps, such as Calendar or Safari, refresh or reload the page. (3) In Software Update preferences, check for software updates again.
*Shift-Command-C: Open the Computer window.
*Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
*Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you viewed or changed recently.
*Shift-Command-G: Open a Go to Folder window.
*Shift-Command-H: Open the Home folder of the current macOS user account.
*Shift-Command-I: Open iCloud Drive.
*Shift-Command-K: Open the Network window.
*Option-Command-L: Open the Downloads folder.
*Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder.
*Shift-Command-O: Open the Documents folder.
*Shift-Command-P: Show or hide the Preview pane in Finder windows.
*Shift-Command-R: Open the AirDrop window.
*Shift-Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows.
*Control-Shift-Command-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (OS X Mavericks or later)
*Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
*Option-Command-D: Show or hide the Dock.
*Control-Command-T: Add the selected item to the sidebar (OS X Mavericks or later).
*Option-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
*Option-Command-S: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.
*Command–Slash (/): Hide or show the status bar in Finder windows.
*Command-J: Show View Options.
*Command-K: Open the Connect to Server window.
*Control-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected item.
*Command-N: Open a new Finder window.
*Option-Command-N: Create a new Smart Folder.
*Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
*Option-Command-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
*Option-Command-V: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
*Command-Y: Use Quick Look to preview the selected files.
*Option-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
*Command-1: View the items in the Finder window as icons.
*Command-2: View the items in a Finder window as a list.
*Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in columns.
*Command-4: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
*Command–Left Bracket ([): Go to the previous folder.
*Command–Right Bracket (]): Go to the next folder.
*Command–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder.
*Command–Control–Up Arrow: Open the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
*Command–Down Arrow: Open the selected item.
*Right Arrow: Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
*Left Arrow: Close the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
*Command-Delete: Move the selected item to the Trash.
*Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash.
*Option-Shift-Command-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
*Command–Brightness Down: Turn video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
*Option–Brightness Up: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
*Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down: Change the brightness of your external display, if supported by your display.
*Option–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down: Adjust the display brightness in smaller steps. Add the Control key to this shortcut to make the adjustment on your external display, if supported by your display.
*Option–Mission Control: Open Mission Control preferences.
*Command–Mission Control: Show the desktop.
*Control–Down Arrow: Show all windows of the front app.
*Option–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
*Option–Shift–Volume Up or Option–Shift–Volume Down: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
*Option–Keyboard Brightness Up: Open Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key.
*Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Down: Adjust the keyboard brightness in smaller steps.
*Option key while double-clicking: Open the item in a separate window, then close the original window.
*Command key while double-clicking: Open a folder in a separate tab or window.
*Command key while dragging to another volume: Move the dragged item to the other volume, instead of copying it.
*Option key while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
*Option-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
*Option-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders within the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
*Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the current folder.
*Learn how to use Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder.
*Click the Go menu in the Finder menu bar to see shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such as Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.Document shortcuts
The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using.
*Command-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
*Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or turn italics on or off.
*Command-K: Add a web link.
*Command-U: Underline the selected text, or turn underlining on or off.
*Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
*Command-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
*Control-Command-D: Show or hide the definition of the selected word.
*Shift-Command-Colon (:): Display the Spelling and Grammar window.
*Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
*Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
*Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or use Delete.
*Control-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
*Fn-Delete: Forward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete key. Or use Control-D.
*Control-K: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
*Fn–Up Arrow: Page Up: Scroll up one page.
*Fn–Down Arrow: Page Down: Scroll down one page.
*Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Scroll to the beginning of a document.
*Fn–Right Arrow: End: Scroll to the end of a document.
*Command–Up Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the document.
*Command–Down Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the document.
*Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
*Command–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the current line.
*Option–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word.
*Option–Right Arrow: Move the insertion point to the end of the next word.
*Shift–Command–Up Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the document.
*Shift–Command–Down Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the document.
*Shift–Command–Left Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
*Shift–Command–Right Arrow: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
*Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line above.
*Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line below.
*Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the left.
*Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the right.
*Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current paragraph, then to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
*Option–Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current paragraph, then to the end of the following paragraph if pressed again.
*Option–Shift–Left Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the current word, then to the beginning of the following word if pressed again.
*Option–Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the current word, then to the end of the following word if pressed again.
*Control-A: Move to the beginning of the line or paragraph.
*Control-E: Move to the end of a line or paragraph.
*Control-F: Move one character forward.
*Control-B: Move one character backward.
*Control-L: Center the cursor or selection in the visible area.
*Control-P: Move up one line.
*Control-N: Move down one line.
*Control-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
*Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the character in front of the insertion point.
*Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
*Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right align.
*Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|): Center align.
*Option-Command-F: Go to the search field.
*Option-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
*Option-Command-C: Copy Style: Copy the formatting settings of the selected item to the Clipboard.
*Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Apply the copied style to the selected item.
*Option-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the item pasted within that content.
*Option-Command-I: Show or hide the inspector window.
*Shift-Command-P: Page setup: Display a window for selecting document settings.
*Shift-Command-S: Display the Save As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
*Shift–Command–Minus sign (-): Decrease the size of the selected item.
*Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increase the size of the selected item. Command–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
*Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help menu.Other shortcuts
For more shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app can have its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that work in one app might not work in another.
*Apple Music shortcuts: Choose Help > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
*Other shortcuts: Choose Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.Learn more
*Create your own shortcuts and resolve conflicts between shortcuts
*Change the behavior of the function keys or modifier keys
After a few hours of work, a Finder window in icon mode can look something like a teenager’s room: stuff strewn all over the place, as demonstrated with the Applications folder in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Will someone please clean up this mess?
To restore order to your Desktop, click in any open area of the active window and then choose View –> Clean Up. This command leaves the icons in approximately the same position but snaps them to an invisible grid so that they’re aligned, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Tidying up is no problem with the Clean Up menu command.
After things are in alignment, work with the icon view options. (Naturally, you’ll want the active Finder window in icon view first, so choose View –> As Icons or press COMMAND+1.) From the Finder menu, choose View –> Show View Options — or press that swingin’ COMMAND+J shortcut — to display the View Options dialog box that you see in Figure 3. (Remember that these options are the ones available for icon view.)
Figure 3: The settings available for icon view.Mac Icons For Pc Windows 8
Note these first two radio buttons, which also appear in the list View Options dialog box:
*This Window Only: Select the This Window Only radio button to apply the changes that you make only to the Finder window that opens when you open the selected item — in other words, the item that appears in the window’s title bar.For example, any changes made to the settings in Figure 3 will affect only the Applications folder because it was the active Finder window when you pressed COMMAND+ J. (You may have noticed that the window name also appears as the title of the View Options dialog box.)
*All Windows: Select the All Windows radio button to apply the changes that you make to all Finder windows that you view in your current mode.
Of course, Mac OS X remembers the changes that you make within the View Options dialog box, no matter which view mode you’re configuring. You can also make other changes from this dialog box, including
*Resizing your Desktop icons: Click and drag the Icon Size slider to shrink or expand the icons on your Desktop. The icon size is displayed in pixels above the slider.Mac Icons For Pc Windows 10
*Resizing icon label text: Click the up and down arrows to the right of the Text Size drop-down box to choose the font size (in points) for icon labels.
*Moving icon label text: Select either the Bottom (default) or the Right radio button to choose between displaying the text under your Desktop icons or to the right of the icons.
*Snap to Grid: Enable this check box to automatically align icons to a grid within the window, just as if you had used the Clean Up menu command.
*Show Item Info: With this check box enabled, Mac OS X displays the number of items within each folder in the window.
*Show Icon Preview: If you enable this check box, the Finder displays icons for image files using a miniature of the actual picture. (A cool feature for those with digital cameras — however, showing a preview does take extra processing time because Mac OS X has to load each image file and shrink it down to create the icon.)
*Keep Arranged By: To sort the display of icons in a window, enable this check box and choose one of the following criteria from its drop-down list: by name, date modified, date created, size, or item type.Mac Icons For Pc Computers
*Choosing a background: To select a background for the window, select one of three radio buttons here:
• White: This is the default.
• Color: Click a color choice from the color block that appears if you make this selection.
• Picture: Select this radio button and then click the Select button to display a standard Open dialog box. Navigate to the location where the desired image is stored, click it once to select it, and then click Open.Mac Icons For Elementary Os
After all your changes are made and you’re ready to return to work, click the dialog box’s Close button to save your settings.
